Gate 2018 Syllabus for Biotechnology (BT)

Gate 2018 Syllabus for Biotechnology (BT)

ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

Linear Algebra: Matrices And Determinants, Systems Of Linear Equations, Eigen Values And Eigen Vectors.

Calculus: Limit, Continuity And Differentiability, Partial Derivatives, Maxima And Minima, Sequences And Series, Test For Convergence, Fourier Series.

Differential Equations: Linear And Nonlinear First Order Odes, 

Higher Order Odes With Constant Coefficients, Cauchy’s And Euler’s Equations, Laplace 

Transforms, PDE- Laplace, Heat And Wave Equations.

Probability And Statistics: Mean, Median, Mode And Standard Deviation, Random Variables, 

Poisson, Normal And Binomial Distributions, Correlation And Regression Analysis.

Numerical Methods: Solution Of Linear And Nonlinear Algebraic Equations, Integration Of 

Trapezoidal And Simpson’s Rule, Single And Multistep Methods For Differential Equations.

BIOTECHNOLOGY

Microbiology: Prokaryotic And Eukaryotic Cell Structure; Microbial Nutrition, Growth And 

Control; Microbial Metabolism (Aerobic And Anaerobic Respiration, Photosynthesis); Nitrogen 

Fixation; Chemical Basis Of Mutations And Mutagens; Microbial Genetics (Plasmids, 

Transformation, Transduction, Conjugation); Microbial Diversity And Characteristic Features; 

Viruses.

Biochemistry: Biomolecules And Their Conformation; Weak Inter-Molecular Interactions In 

Biomacromolecules; Chemical And Functional Nature Of Enzymes; Kinetics Of Single Substrate 

And Bi-Substrate Enzyme Catalyzed Reactions; Bioenergetics; Metabolism (Glycolysis, TCA And 

Oxidative Phosphorylation); Membrane Transport And Pumps; Cell Cycle And Cell Growth 

Control; Cell Signaling And Signal Transduction.

Molecular Biology And Genetics: Molecular Structure Of Genes And Chromosomes; DNA 

Replication And Control; Transcription And Its Control; Translational Processes; Regulatory 

Controls In Prokaryotes And Eukaryotes; Mendelian Inheritance; Gene Interaction; 

Complementation; Linkage, Recombination And Chromosome Mapping; Extrachromosomal 

Inheritance; Chromosomal Variation; Population Genetics; Transposable Elements, Molecular 

Basis Of Genetic Diseases And Applications.

Process Biotechnology: Bioprocess Technology For The Production Of Cell Biomass And 

Primary/Secondary Metabolites, Such As Baker’s Yeast, Ethanol, Citric Acid, Amino Acids, 

Exopolysacharides, Antibiotics And Pigments Etc.; Microbial Production, Purification And 

Bioprocess Application(S) Of Industrial Enzymes; Production And Purification Of Recombinant 

Proteins On A Large Scale; Chromatographic And Membrane Based Bioseparation Methods; 

Immobilization Of Enzymes And Cells And Their Application For Bioconversion Processes. Aerobic And Anaerobic Biological Processes For Stabilization Of Solid / Liquid Wastes; Bioremediation.

Bioprocess Engineering: Kinetics Of Microbial Growth, Substrate Utilization And Product 

Formation; Simple Structured Models; Sterilization Of Air And Media; Batch, Fed-Batch And 

Continuous Processes; Aeration And Agitation; Mass Transfer In Bioreactors; Rheology Of 

Fermentation Fluids; Scale-Up Concepts; Design Of Fermentation Media; Various Types Of 

Microbial And Enzyme Reactors; Instrumentation In Bioreactors.

Plant And Animal Biotechnology: Special Features And Organization Of Plant Cells; 

Totipotency; Regeneration Of Plants; Plant Products Of Industrial Importance; Biochemistry Of 

Major Metabolic Pathways And Products; Autotrophic And Heterotrophic Growth; Plant Growth 

Regulators And Elicitors; Cell Suspension Culture Development: Methodology, Kinetics Of 

Growth And Production Formation, Nutrient Optimization; Production Of Secondary Metabolites 

By Plant Suspension Cultures; Hairy Root Cultures And Their Cultivation. Techniques In Raising 

Transgencies.

Characteristics Of Animal Cells: Metabolism, Regulation And Nutritional Requirements For 

Mass Cultivation Of Animal Cell Cultures; Kinetics Of Cell Growth And Product Formation And 

Effect Of Shear Force; Product And Substrate Transport; Micro & Macro-Carrier Culture; 

Hybridoma Technology; Live Stock Improvement; Cloning In Animals; Genetic Engineering In 

Animal Cell Culture; Animal Cell Preservation.

Immunology: The Origin Of Immunology; Inherent Immunity; Humoral And Cell Mediated 

Immunity; Primary And Secondary Lymphoid Organ; Antigen; B And T Cells And Macrophages; 

Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC); Antigen Processing And Presentation; Synthesis Of 

Antibody And Secretion; Molecular Basis Of Antibody Diversity; Polyclonal And Monoclonal 

Antibody; Complement; Antigen-Antibody Reaction; Regulation Of Immune Response; Immune 

Tolerance; Hyper Sensitivity; Autoimmunity; Graft Versus Host Reaction.

Recombinant DNA Technology: Restriction And Modification Enzymes; Vectors: Plasmid, 

Bacteriophage And Other Viral Vectors, Cosmids, Ti Plasmid, Yeast Artificial Chromosome; Cdna 

And Genomic DNA Library; Gene Isolation; Gene Cloning; Expression Of Cloned Gene; 

Transposons And Gene Targeting; DNA Labeling; DNA Sequencing; Polymerase Chain Reactions; 

DNA Fingerprinting; Southern And Northern Blotting; In-Situ Hybridization; RAPD; RFLP; Site-

Directed Mutagenesis; Gene Transfer Technologies; Gene Therapy.

Bioinformatics: Major Bioinformatics Resources (NCBI, EBI, Expasy); Sequence And Structure 

Databases; Sequence Analysis (Biomolecular Sequence File Formats, Scoring Matrices, 

Sequence Alignment, Phylogeny); Genomics And Proteomics (Large Scale Genome Sequencing 

Strategies; Comparative Genomics; Understanding DNA Microarrays And Protein Arrays); 

Molecular Modeling And Simulations (Basic Concepts Including Concept Of Force Fields).